ELECTROLYTES

Drug	Forms	ADR	USES
Potassium Chloride	IV (2 mEq/ml)- 15% (W/V) only given in a drip Oral (Syrup)- 15 ml=20 mEq	Hyperkalemia Cardiac arrhythmias NM effects	Hypokalemia Diabetes ketoacidosis Severe diarrhea Hypokalemic periodic paralysis Paralytic ileus With digoxin therapy With non-potassium sparing diuretics Forced alkaline diuresis- barbiturate poisoning
Calcium Gluconate	IV- 10 ml ampoule containing 10% (W/V)	Cardiac arrhythmias Hypotonia Necrosis if it gets extravasated	Hyperkalemia Severe hypocalcemia; hypoparathyroidism; Vitamin D deficiency; Alkalosis Cardiac arrest in diastole Every 4^th bottle of blood transfusion
Calcium Gluconate	Oral	Same as above	Mild hypocalcemia Growing children Pregnancy, lactation Postmenopausal women Patients on steroids, anticonvulsant therapy As an antacid (E.g. CaCO3)
Sodium Bicarbonate	IV: available as 7.5% w/v NaHCO3 (given diluted as it is hyperosmolar)	Alkalosis Respiratory depression Hypocalcemia Thrombophlebitis Sodium overload Cerebral edema	Correction of acidosis Hyperkalemia Cardiopulmonary resustication
Sodium Bicarbonate	As a lavage fluid	Same as above	Bladder washes Auricular lavage Bronchial lavage

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